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Nature-based solutions and restoration are intertwined but not identical: Highlighting implications for societies and ecosystems. Waylen et al. (2024) 7 pages.

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This paper highlights that Nature based Solutions (NbS) and ecosystem restoration are distinct concepts, crucial for planning and implementing environmental interventions. This distinction impacts goals, resources, and stakeholder involvement. Focusing on freshwater catchment management, the analysis of UK and Ireland projects shows how different framings lead to varied priorities and approaches. Clarity in using these terms is essential to avoid confusion and optimise catchment management. Stakeholders should reflect on their goals to better plan interventions, considering the time lag between actions and outcomes, and adapt to changing environmental drivers.

Working with Natural Processes evidence directory (2018) Environment Agency (Eng), 304 pgs

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This detailed report presents the current state of the scientific evidence underpinning a range of Natural Flood Management measures from the headwaters to coasts (14 measures in total). It does this by settign out scientfic confidence levels for each measure. Its also explains ‘what we know’ and ‘what we don’t know’ about the effectiveness of these measures from a flood risk and ecosystem services perspective.

Working with Natural Processes evidence directory – literature review. Environment Agency (Eng), (2017) 332 pgs.

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This document is an Annex to the Environment Agency (England) Working With Natural Processes evidence directory. It is the detailed scientific literature review which informs the evidence directory scientific confidence levels. This document is more technical than the evidence directory.

Natural Flood Management measures: A practical guide for farmers. West cumbris Rivers Trust, (2018) 36 pgs.

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Another practical Natural Flood Management guide for farmers that is written in plain English and has a series of well presented illustrations. Its focus is for farmers in the North-West of England and covers both lowland and upland Natural Flood Management measure types.

Challenges of spatial flood risk management. Hartmann et al. (2022), 7 pgs

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Reviews the challenges which point to the key issues of spatial flood risk management, highlighting the problems of scale, connectivity and governance.

Nature based solutions for flow reduction in catchment headwaters. Bourke et al., (2022), 19 pgs.

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This paper reviews specific measures that are suited to upland headwater areas, which are dependent on their geology, soils and topography. This paper focuses on peatland restoration, forests, large wood in rivers, and agricultural practice.

Identifying barriers for nature-based solutions in flood risk management: An interdisciplinary overview using expert community approach. Raška et al., (2022), 10 pgs.

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This paper adopts a community expert perspective to identify barriers to individual NBS. Identifying 17 barriers affecting the implementation of 12 groups of NBS in both urban and rural settings in five European regional environmental domains It define avenues for further research, connecting hydrology and soil science, on the one hand, and land use planning, social geography and economics, on the other.

The Role of Runoff Attenuation Features (RAFs) in Natural Flood Management. Quinn et al. (2022), 16 pgs.

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This paper reviews and critiques the role of RAFs and NFM as an interventionist and holistic approach to lowering runoff rates. The link between RAF design types and their relationship to land use and scale is made.

The case for mainstreaming nature-based solutions into integrated catchment management in Ireland. Collier, M.J. & Bourke, M.C. (2020), 7pgs.

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This paper outlines the potential of nature-based solutions and integrated catchment management. It describes how current integrated catchment policy and programmes would benefit from this new approach and posits that nature-based solutions are a complimentary technology that would have multiple co-benefits in the Irish landscape

Natural Water Retention measures (NWRM): Overview and recommendations for use in Ireland. EPA & OPW, (2020), 58 pgs.

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This report builds a useful knowledge base of evidence for use of NWRM in the Irish context.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

This project is funded under the EPA Research Programme 2021-2030 and co-funded by OPW. The EPA Research Programme is a Government of Ireland initiative funded by the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications.

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