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This paper highlights that Nature based Solutions (NbS) and ecosystem restoration are distinct concepts, crucial for planning and implementing environmental interventions. This distinction impacts goals, resources, and stakeholder involvement. Focusing …

This detailed report presents the current state of the scientific evidence underpinning a range of Natural Flood Management measures from the headwaters to coasts (14 measures in total). It does this by settign out scientfic confidence levels for each …

This document is an Annex to the Environment Agency (England) Working With Natural Processes evidence directory. It is the detailed scientific literature review which informs the evidence directory scientific confidence levels. This document is more te …

Another practical Natural Flood Management guide for farmers that is written in plain English and has a series of well presented illustrations. Its focus is for farmers in the North-West of England and covers both lowland and upland Natural Flood Manag …

Reviews the challenges which point to the key issues of spatial flood risk management, highlighting the problems of scale, connectivity and governance.

This review focuses on the role of relatively small-scale (<10,000 m3) TSAs (Temporary storage areas) in headwater catchments for flood risk management. It also explores the potential wider benefits for implementing these as part of an integrated ca …

This paper reviews specific measures that are suited to upland headwater areas, which are dependent on their geology, soils and topography. This paper focuses on peatland restoration, forests, large wood in rivers, and agricultural practice.

This paper adopts a community expert perspective to identify barriers to individual NBS. Identifying 17 barriers affecting the implementation of 12 groups of NBS in both urban and rural settings in five European regional environmental domains It define …

This paper reviews and critiques the role of RAFs and NFM as an interventionist and holistic approach to lowering runoff rates. The link between RAF design types and their relationship to land use and scale is made.

This paper outlines the potential of nature-based solutions and integrated catchment management. It describes how current integrated catchment policy and programmes would benefit from this new approach and posits that nature-based solutions are a compl …

This report builds a useful knowledge base of evidence for use of NWRM in the Irish context.

This paper reports a before-after-control-intervention studies in the South Pennines (UK) representing the first rigorous experimental assessment of the impact of blanket peat restoration on catchment runoff. It evaluates the hydrological impacts of tw …

This is a key document on NBS that sets out an assessment framework for NBS projets. The global standards for NBS is a self assessment that consists of 8 criteria and indicators which assess a number of benefits provided by NBS. It is a key document if …

This report gives an overview of nature-based solutions in the Nordic countries. It looks at current best practice in nordic countries, assesses policy frameworks, looks at future challenges and reviews example projects and case studies. It ends with a …

This review document reviews the role beavers play in stream and water resource management. The document seeks to answer the following research questions: How does beaver activity affect the functioning of rivers and streams and water resources? What a …

This paper looks at various aspects of floodplain management. For example, floodplain delineation, causes of disturbance, ecosystem services provided by floodplains and measures that can be utilised to mitigate flood events.

This review paper focuses on Runoff Attenuation Measures (RAFs). RAFs cover measures such as leaky barriers, offline ponds and overland flow disconnection bunds. The paper reviews and critiques the role of RAFs in NFM as an interventionists and holisti …

The issue of roadway runoff (RR), i.e. mineral and organic pollutants on farms conveyed along farm roadways, has gained recognition in recent years. Recent legislation in Ireland prohibits direct runoff from farm roadways into adjacent water courses. T …

Depending on their management, riparian buffer strips have been shown to benefit water quality, biodiversity and mitigate flood risk. Given the multifunctional nature of riparian buffer strips, this review explores the need to identify the mechanisms a …

The positive water quality effects of a range of agricultural practices were reviewed to assess their effectiveness and the timescale by which their benefits were exhibited. These practices included improved landscape engineering, improved crop managem …

The role of the hyporheic zone (HZ) in mediating the nutrient turnover of surface waters is well accounted for in academic literature, but river restoration strategies rarely explicitly target the HZ. This review describes the importance of vertical an …

A systematic review of the most common and well researched examples of Nature Based Solutions (NBS; i.e. constructed wetlands, sustainable drainage systems, and riparian zone management) in the EU, and where sufficient data was available, in Ireland. I …

This paper reviews the removal efficiency of five different measures addressing nitrate and phosphorus pollution in agricultural catchments in 11 countries worldwide: (i) free water surface constructed wetlands, (ii) denitrifying bioreactors, (iii) con …

This paper describes the main mechanisms by which nitrogen is removed from agricultural wastewater and details the effectiveness of 4 important forms of NBS in nitrogen uptake and attenuation, namely: Constructed Wetlands, Riparian Buffer Strips, Veget …

A scientfic review paper that looks at the role forested land plays in mitigating flood peaks in the UK. It looks at four woodland type: Catchment, cross-slope, floodplain and riparian. It discusses these four woodland types using evidence from UK case …

This technical review paper focuses on methods to model both natural and human-made in-channel wood (or leaky barriers). It looks at a number of modelling techniques highlighting those methods which are the most popular but also looking at the benefits …

This is a useful review article that looks at the benefits and challenges behind Natural Flood Management. It contains useful boxes that set out some examples. The academic paper has been writen as a primer; therefore it is accessable to a wide range o …

This paper reviews the role of large wood in river restoration projects. The paper offers a synthesis of the benefits and risk ascoiated with using wood to promote geomorphological processes to restore and manage rivers. The paper utilises knowledge fr …

This review paper looks at how wetlands affect various aspects of the hydrological cycle e.g., droughts, floods. It does this by collating evidence from many international case studies. It is a very useful overview paper for understanding how wetlands …

A scientific review paper that looks at the role wetlands play in mitigating flood peaks. It does this by looking at five hydrological wetland types and investigating how each wetland type affects floods. It does this by collating evidence from numerou …

This is a scientific review paper that focuses on the role woodland play in mitigating flood peaks. It looks at evidence from UK and Ireland case studies. It shows that woodlands have some benefits, however, limited impact on mititgating extreme events …

A comprehensive evidence review of Natural Flood Management in the UK. It describes the current evidence base of a range of measures and places the evidence statements into four categories. The detailed evidence is presented in an annex to the paper.

This paper gives a critical evaluation of Natural Flood Management approaches and wider literature. It also presents knowledge gaps and makes suggestions on how to overcome these. Its focused on UK examples but covers a wide varity of environments. It …

This is a core output of the EU funded Natural Water Retention Measures project. It is hosted on the Natural Water Retention Measures.eu website (which also contains a case study map). The guide aims to support the selection, design and implementation …

This is a systematic literature evidence review that focuses on the role woodlands play in mitigating floods. It was developed by the UKCEH and its focus is on the UK context. Evidence from 71 case studies were assessed.

Here you’ll find training and best-practise examples concerning river restoration. The UK River Restoration Centre (RRC) is the national expert advice centre for best practice river restoration. They also provide training.

Succinct and accessible guide to soil hydrology and management tips for soils under tillage, forest, pasture and peat. It was published for the East Devon Catchment Partnership to shows how good soil managements is fundamental to effective nature-based …

This guide focuses on lowland measures and was developed for farmers in the Yorkshire Dales. Its written in plain English and has nice easy to understand diagrams and pictures. It sets out issues such as build costs and mainagement cost in a low/medium …

This is a quick access summary, presenting each measure on one page with a build and cost guide on farms. The guide was developed for farmers and land managers of the Yorkshire Dales National Park but some findings could be applicable to elsewhere in t …

Useful if you’re new to the topic of Natural Water Retention Measures and want to get an overview of what’s possible with Natural Water Retention Measures on your farm and how it can be done. It has with excellent images and serves as an introductory g …

This technical evidence report focuses on the riparian environment and is focused on water quality (although some of the metrics cover flooding). The report considers how we can improve the effectiveness of riparian buffer zone. The project assesses th …

A very visual and inspiring atlas that showcases 62 Nature-Based Solutions type projects internationally. The atlas covers both catchment and coastal measures and is designed to be accessble to a wide range of stakeholders. It was developed by the Engi …

A very visual and inspiring atlas that showcases 56 Nature-Based Solutions type projects internationally. The atlas covers both catchment and coastal measures and is designed to be accessble to a wide range of stakeholders. It was developed by the Engi …

This is a short overview of the Evaluating Nature-Based Solutions project. It offers a very useful short summary and identifies the best assessment framework for assessing the benefits and disbenefits of a Nature-Based Solutions scheme.

This is a useful document if you are looking for an assessment framework (for potential benefits and disbenefits) for an Nature-Based Solutions project. This project searched for potential assessment frameworks and carried out a two-stage process to id …

This is a comprehsive evidence review of wetlands relavant to the Scottish context. It reviews a number of wetland types and sets out the evidence levels behind them. The overall aim of the document was to review the role of functioning wetlands in mod …

Riverwoods is a Scottish initiative aiming to promote healthy and resilient river systems across Scotland. This evidence review aims to provide a broad indication of the most up-to-date scientific evidence underpinning the environmental benefits that r …

Rural Sustainable Drainage Systems (Rural SuDS) are a type of Nature-Based Solutions approach. They aim to reduce agricultural diffuse pollution impacts as they are physical barriers that treat rainfall runoff. This guide helps with selecting, designin …

This one page overview pullout forms part of the CIRIA Natural Flood Management manual. Specifically this advanced technical guidance sheet was developed for runoff storage measures.

This one page overview pullout forms part of the CIRIA Natural Flood Management manual. Specifically this advanced technical guidance sheet was developed for runoff management measures.

This one page overview pullout forms part of the CIRIA Natural Flood Management manual. Specifically this advanced technical guidance sheet was developed for leaky barrier measures.

This one page overview pullout forms part of the CIRIA Natural Flood Management manual. Specifically this advanced technical guidance sheet was developed for floodplain reconnection measures.

This manual presents a step by step overview for delivering an Natural Flood Management project. It was developed for UK practitioners, however, some of the technical guidance is applicable to Ireland. It covers issues such as problem idenficiation, fu …

Detailed handbook for people who want to know in-depth about Natural Flood Management – from the concept, over different measures to modelling approaches. The 2015 Nature-based approach to flood management Handbook from the Scottish Environmental Prote …

This excel spreadsheet tool complements the Environment Agency (England) Working With Natural Processes evidence directory. It gives information on the modelling processes behind each measure.

This collection of case studies complements the Environment Agency (England) Working With Natural Processes evidence directory. The focus of these case studies is on “soil and runoff management” measures, although not all cases are focused solely on th …

This collection of case studies complements the Environment Agency (England) Working With Natural Processes evidence directory. The focus of these case studies is on “woodland” measures, although not all cases are focused solely on these measures. The …

This collection of case studies complements the Environment Agency (England) Working With Natural Processes evidence directory. The focus of these case studies is on “River and Floodplain” measures, although not all cases are focused solely on these me …

This handbook was devloped by the EU funded ThinkNature project. The handbook promotes knowledge regarding Nature-Based Solutions, helps support the implementation of measures and sets out a comprehensive

This detailed guidelines document (led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and developed by authors from ten countries) provides practitioners with the best available information concerning the conceptualization, planning, design, engineering, construc …