A systematic review of the most common and well researched examples of Nature Based Solutions (NBS; i.e. constructed wetlands, sustainable drainage systems, and riparian zone management) in the EU, and where sufficient data was available, in Ireland. It examined their role in addressing nutrient and sediment issues, and for addressing additional issues such as broader ecosystem services, carbon storage and flood management. The effectiveness of the chosen NBSs is variable and may be enhanced by favouring catchment-wide over smaller scale measures, and by installing a ‘treatment train’ of measures in chosen catchments, instead of localised measures.